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書名：Democracy in America, and Two Essays on America
著者：Alexis de Toqueville
訳者：Gerald E. Bevan
出版：Penguin Books（2003年）
《Contents》
Chronology
Introduction (Isaac Kramnick)
Further Reading
Translator's Note
【 Democracy in America 】
——— VOLUME 1 ―——
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION
PART 1
CHAPTER 1 The Exterior Configuration of Northern America
CHAPTER 2 On the Origin of the Anglo-Americans and on its Importance for their Future
CHAPTER 3 The Social Condition of the Anglo-Americans
CHAPTER 4 The Principle of the Sovereignty of the people in America
CHAPTER 5 The Necessity of Examining what Happens in Individual States before Considering the Union as a Whole
CHAPTER 6 Judicial Power in the United States and its Effects upon Political Society
CHAPTER 7 Political Jurisdiction in the United States
CHAPTER 8 The Federal Constitution
PART 2
CHAPTER 1 Why it Can Be Firmly Stated that in the United States it is the People who Govern
CHAPTER 2 Parties in the United States
CHAPTER 3 The Fredom of the Press in the United States
CHAPTER 4 Political Associations in the United States
CHAPTER 5 Government by Democracy in America
CHAPTER 6 What are the Real Advantages Derived by American Society from Democratic Government
CHAPTER 7 The Majority in the United States is All-Powerful and the Consequences of That
CHAPTER 8 What Moderates the Tyranny of the Majority in the United States
CHAPTER 9 The Main Causes which Tend to Maintain a Democratic Republic in the United States
CHAPTER 10 A Few Remarks on the Present-day State and the Probable Future of the Three Races which Live in the Territory of the United States
CONCLUSION
——— VOLUME 2 ―——
THE AUTHOR'S NOTE TO THE SECOND VOLUME
PART 1
THE INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY UPON THE INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER 1 The Americans' Philosophic Method
CHAPTER 2 The Principal Source of Beriefs among Democratic Nations
CHAPTER 3 Why the Americans Show More Aptitude and Taste for General Ideas than their Forefathers the English
CHAPTER 4 Why the Americans Have Never Been as Enthusiastic as the French for General Ideas in Political Matters
CHAPTER 5 How Religion in the United States Makes Full Use of Democratic Tendencies
CHAPTER 6 The Progress of Catholicism in the United States
CHAPTER 7 What Causes the Minds of Democratic Nations to Incline Toward Pantheism
CHAPTER 8 How Equality Suggests to Americans the Idea of the Indefinite Perfectibility of Man
CHAPTER 9 How the Example of the Americans Does not Prove that a Democratic People Would Have Neither the Aptitude nor the Taste for the Sciences, Literature, and the Arts
CHAPTER 10 Why Americans are More Attracted to Practical Rather than Theoretical Aspects of the Sciences
CHAPTER 11 In what Spirit the Americans Cultivate the Arts
CHAPTER 12 Why the Americans Erect Insignificant Monuments and Others which are very Grand
CHAPTER 13 How Literature Appears in Democratic Times
CHAPTER 14 The Literature Industry
CHAPTER 15 Why the Study of Greek and Latin Literature is Particularly Useful in Democratic Communities
CHAPTER 16 How American Democracy Has Modified the English Language
CHAPTER 17 A Few Sources of Poetry in Democratic Nations
CHAPTER 18 Why American Writers and Speakers are Often Bombastic
CHAPTER 19 A Few Remarks on the Theater of Democratic Nations
CHAPTER 20 Characteristics Peculiar to Historians in Democratic Ages
CHAPTER 21 Parliamentary Eloquence in the United States
PART 2
INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY ON THE OPINIONS OF AMERICANS
CHAPTER 1 Why Democratic Nations Display a More Passionate and Lasting Love for Equality than for Freedom
CHAPTER 2 Individualism in Democratic Countries
CHAPTER 3 How Individualism is Greater at the end of a Democratic Revolution than at Any Other Period
CHAPTER 4 How Americans Combat the Effects of Individualism by Free Institutions
CHAPTER 5 The Use Americans Make of Public Associations in Civil Life
CHAPTER 6 Connection Between Associations and Newspapers
CHAPTER 7 Connections Between Civil and Political Associations
CHAPTER 8 How Americans Counteract Individualism by the Doctrine of Self-interest Properly Understood
CHAPTER 9 How Americans Apply the Doctrine of Self-interest Properly Understood to Religious Matters
CHAPTER 10 The Taste for Material Prosperity in America
CHAPTER 11 Particular Effects of the Love of Physical Pleasures in Democratic Times
CHAPTER 12 Why Certain Americans Display an Exalted Form of Spirituality
CHAPTER 13 Why Americans are So Restless in the Midst of Their Prosperity
CHAPTER 14 How in America the Taste for Physical Pleasures is Combined with Love if Freedom and Concern for Public Affairs
CHAPTER 15 How Religious Belief Sometimes Diverts the Thoughts of Americans Toward Spiritual Pleasures
CHAPTER 16 How an Excessive Love of Prosperity Can Harm that Very Prosperity
CHAPTER 17 How in Ages of Equality and Doubt it is Important to Move the Goal of Human Endeavor Beyond Immediate Concerns
CHAPTER 18 Why Americans Consider All Honest Occupations as Honorable
CHAPTER 19 What Gives Almost All Americans a Preference for Industrial Pccupations
CHAPTER 20 How an Aristocracy May Emerge from Industry
PART 3
THE INFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY ON CUSTOMS AS SUCH
CHAPTER 1 How Customs Become Softer as Social Conditions Become More Equal
CHAPTER 2 How Democracy Makes the Normal Relations between Americans Easier and Simpler
CHAPTER 3 Why Americans are So Difficult to Offend at Home yet So Easily Offended in Europe
CHAPTER 4 Consequences of the Three Preceding Chapters
CHAPTER 5 How Democracy Alters the Relations between Master and Servant
CHAPTER 6 How Democratic Institutions and Customs Tend to Raise the Cost and Shorten the Length of Leases
CHAPTER 7 Influence of Democracy on Wages
CHAPTER 8 Influence of Democracy on the Family
CHAPTER 9 Education of Girls in the United States
CHAPTER 10 How the Girl Can Be Seen Beneath the Features of the Wife
CHAPTER 11 How the Equality of Social Conditions Helps to Maintain Good Morals in America
CHAPTER 12 How the Americans View the Equality of Men and Women
CHAPTER 13 How Equality Naturally Divides Americans into a Multitude of Small Private Societies
CHAPTER 14 Some Reflections on American Manners
CHAPTER 15 The Serious Attitude of Americans and why it Often Does not Prevent them from Ill-considered Actions
CHAPTER 16 Why the National Vanity of the Americans is More Restless and Quarrelsome than that of the English
CHAPTER 17 How American Society Appears Both Agitated and Monotonous
CHAPTER 18 Honor in the United States and in Democratic Societies
CHAPTER 19 Why so Many Ambitious Men Exist in the United States but So Few Lofty Ambitions
CHAPTER 20 The Trade of Seeking Official Positions in Certain Democratic Nations
CHAPTER 21 Why Great Revolutions Will Happen Less Often
CHAPTER 22 Why Democratic Nations Have a Natural Desire for Peace and why Democratic Armies Naturally Seek War
CHAPTER 23 Which is the Most Warlike and Revolutionary Class in Democratic Armies
CHAPTER 24 What Makes Democratic Armies Weaker than Other Armies at the Outset of a Campaign and More Dangerous in Prolonged Warfare
CHAPTER 25 Discipline in Democratic Armies
CHAPTER 26 A Few Remarks in War in Democracies
PART 4
THE INFLUENCE EXERCISED BY DEMOCRATIC IDEAS AND OPINIONS ON POLITICAL SOCIETY
CHAPTER 1 Equality Naturally Gives Men a Liking for Free INstitutions
CHAPTER 2 The Ideas Democratic Nations Have on Government Naturally Favor the Concentration of Political Powers
CHAPTER 3 The Opinions of Democratic Nations are in Accord With their Ideas, Leading them to Centralize Political Power
CHAPTER 4 A Few Special and Accidental Reasons why a Democratic Nation Adopts Centralization of Government or Turns Away from It
CHAPTER 5 Among Contemporary European Nations the Sovereign Power is Increasing although the Rulers are Less Stable
CHAPTER 6 What Sort of Despotism Democratic Nations Have to Fear
CHAPTER 7 Continuation of the Preceding Chapters
CHAPTER 8 General Survey of the Subject
APPENDICES
NOTES
Two Essays on America
【 TWO WEEKS IN THE WILDERNESS 】
【 EXCURSION TO LAKE ONEIDA 】
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